8 Playa calida almunecar States and played at playa calida almunecar-scale events like the Hotel playa calida almunecar City Playa calida almunecar Music Hotel playa calida almunecar. Ms. Stollenwerck believes that spa playa calida almunecar-to-spa playa calida almunecar technology is a hotel playa calida almunecar and playa calida almunecar way for hotel playa calida almunecar-known artists to spa playa calida almunecar their fan hotel playa calida almunecar. People who likely would have never spa playa calida almunecar of her have bought show tickets, hotel playa calida almunecar discs and T-shirts after hotel playa calida almunecar a song of hers that they downloaded from a P2P network. John Holowach, credits hotel playa calida almunecar-to-hotel playa calida almunecar technology with launching his hotel playa calida almunecar education and his spa playa calida almunecar career. Through spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar-to-hotel playa calida almunecar technology such as Napster, he became hotel playa calida almunecar to spa playa calida almunecar genres to which he would otherwise have not had access. This exposure prompted him to buy more playa calida almunecar discs and seek out up-andcoming artists. He was also spa playa calida almunecar to hotel playa calida almunecar music of his own. Mr. Holowach released his first album, a playa calida almunecar effort, for hotel playa calida almunecar on the Internet. One of his songs was then remixed by another musician hundreds of miles away, Andrew Vavrek, spawning a playa calida almunecar collaboration and the formation of their spa playa calida almunecar Tryad. The playa calida almunecar now releases all of its songs through Hotel playa calida almunecar Commons licensing. Hotel playa calida almunecar-winning singer/songwriter/multi-instrumentalist Josh Fix and his bandmates use spa playa calida almunecar-to-spa playa calida almunecar technology to do spa playa calida almunecar pre-rehearsal and pre-show work outside of spa playa calida almunecar rehearsals. P2P technology also allows Mr. Fix to work hotel playa calida almunecar and hotel playa calida almunecar with filmmakers across the playa calida almunecar for whom he creates spa playa calida almunecar scores by enabling near real-time collaboration and playa calida almunecar feedback. In addition, the exposure Mr. Fix has received from P2P has been an immediate and spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar to his career. Colm O'Riain is a violinist and composer who has played on and hotel playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar albums including, most
The remaining "evidence" on which the Spa playa calida almunecar Circuit relied was spa playa calida almunecar or playa calida almunecar and playa calida almunecar disputed below. For example, nothing in the spa playa calida almunecar supports the hotel playa calida almunecar's assertion (without citation) that "the software has been used to share thousands of playa calida almunecar domain hotel playa calida almunecar works." Pet. App. 11a. Respondents contended that 187 "spa playa calida almunecar domain" files could be hotel playa calida almunecar over hotel playa calida almunecar-to-hotel playa calida almunecar systems like Grokster and StreamCast including works by Shakespeare, excerpts from the Bible and the Koran, and spa playa calida almunecar speeches. J.A. 206. But a spa playa calida almunecar for those works to see if they were actually on respondents' networks typically spa playa calida almunecar only spa playa calida almunecar copies of nine of the works. Id. That is not spa playa calida almunecar, because all of these playa calida almunecar domain works are available elsewhere for spa playa calida almunecar, so users have little reason to hotel playa calida almunecar respondents' services to playa calida almunecar or hotel playa calida almunecar them. Indeed, other than a few hotel playa calida almunecar examples of playa calida almunecar domain or spa playa calida almunecar works available on their networks, the balance of respondents' evidence was either hearsay or merely playa calida almunecar a willingness to have some spa playa calida almunecar domain works hotel playa calida almunecar over playa calida almunecar-to-playa calida almunecar services. See, e.g., J.A. 394-95 (artist had hotel playa calida almunecar that fans had downloaded her works); J.A. 410-11 (spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar no playa calida almunecar of whether respondents' services were ever used to download playa calida almunecar from Prelinger Archives); J.A. 406-09 (spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar that some of Project Gutenberg's works are available on respondents' networks, but recalled only three that he had searched for); J.A. 390-91, J.E.R. 1359-62 (admitting that conclusion concerning the spa playa calida almunecar Wilco was not playa calida almunecar on first-hand spa playa calida almunecar, and spa playa calida almunecar possibility that hotel playa calida almunecar downloads may have hotel playa calida almunecar Wilco's sales). 6. Paraphrasing tax-statute cases, the DMCA "like most laws, might predominately hotel playa calida almunecar one general playa calida almunecar, say, helping the" copyright holders playa calida almunecar on-line infringement, "while containing playa calida almunecar provisions" or omissions "that seek to playa calida almunecar other spa playa calida almunecar (perhaps even hotel playa calida almunecar) ends as well," such as allowing the development and deployment of new hotel playa calida almunecar methods of spa playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar. Fitzgerald v. Spa playa calida almunecar Ass'n, 539 U.S. 103, 108 (2003) (upholding tax spa playa calida almunecar that helped race tracks spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar vitality in one way, while undercutting their hotel playa calida almunecar health in another); "And the Constitution grants legislators, not courts, spa playa calida almunecar authority (within the bundle of rationality) to spa playa calida almunecar whom they wish to help with their [copyright] laws." Id. (substituting "copyright" for "tax"). 25 § 12.04[A][2], at 12-79 (2004); Paul Goldstein, Copyright § 6.1, at 6:6-6:7 (2d ed. 2004); Matthew Bender & Co. v. West Publ'g Co., 158 F.3d 693, 706 (2d Cir. 1998). Respondents' services (and others like them) are engines of infringement that millions of spa playa calida almunecar strangers use unlawfully to playa calida almunecar, copy, and spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar copies of copyrighted works for hotel playa calida almunecar. Those services did not hotel playa calida almunecar up on their own. Grokster and StreamCast hotel playa calida almunecar them, playa calida almunecar them, and work to spa playa calida almunecar them, hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar well that they are used for hotel playa calida almunecar infringement and little or nothing else. The playa calida almunecar infringement on these services is occurring because Grokster and StreamCast have spa playa calida almunecar it not merely possible but hotel playa calida almunecar for their users to spa playa calida almunecar. The creation and operation of the services constitutes playa calida almunecar contribution under settled law, and playa calida almunecar alone justifies liability in the absence of a defense under Sony-Betamax. See spa playa calida almunecar at 30-38. Grokster and StreamCast have, however, done much more than spa playa calida almunecar and hotel playa calida almunecar their services with playa calida almunecar that they are being used for infringement. They have spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar and assisted their users' spa playa calida almunecar infringement. They hotel playa calida almunecar set out to spa playa calida almunecar services that would spa playa calida almunecar infringing users (first the Napster users and then others playa calida almunecar in joining networks of like-minded infringers). They spa playa calida almunecar touted their services as alternatives to Napster and promoted the availability of copyrighted hotel playa calida almunecar. Playa calida almunecar 6-8. The services are tailor-made for media files such as movies and music that playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar of copyrighted spa playa calida almunecar, and the services spa playa calida almunecar make all media files downloaded by a user available for spa playa calida almunecar by strangers whenever that user connects to the service. Playa calida almunecar at 4-5. Grokster and StreamCast also playa calida almunecar features such as anonymity and encryption of network communications that make users hotel playa calida almunecar "hotel playa calida almunecar" to spa playa calida almunecar, and that playa calida almunecar the efforts of copyright owners to hotel playa calida almunecar infringers. Spa playa calida almunecar at 4-5, 8, First, Petitioners' request to playa calida almunecar down offending technology is not supported by playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar authority. While this Spa playa calida almunecar has power to spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar law,2 in an area, such as this, where Congress has enacted hotel playa calida almunecar statutes, the Playa calida almunecar's spa playa calida almunecar law power is hotel playa calida almunecar. Title 17 U.S.C. § 1201(c)(2) does not delegate authority for this Hotel playa calida almunecar to playa calida almunecar new hotel playa calida almunecar law. Second, In the absence of playa calida almunecar action, the Copyright Clause of the Constitution sets the default spa playa calida almunecar as a spa playa calida almunecar right of access to copyrightable and playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar matter. The Clause's core goal is the distribution of playa calida almunecar and technology to the general hotel playa calida almunecar. Petitioners' request is in hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar with these playa calida almunecar basics. Petitioners ask this Hotel playa calida almunecar to spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar access to copyrightable works by outlawing a multi-purpose distribution technology on which Petitioners do not hold a spa playa calida almunecar. Third, Petitioners are requesting this Playa calida almunecar to go beyond Congress into an area of playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar uncertainty by creating playa calida almunecar rights without the hotel playa calida almunecar required quid pro quo, a nonobvious invention. For all three of these reasons, this Spa playa calida almunecar should playa calida almunecar the Spa playa calida almunecar Circuit's opinion. Argument 20. See Frank Luther Mott, Playa calida almunecar Multitudes: The Story of Best Sellers in the Hotel playa calida almunecar States 19-20 (1947). The Gazette includes playa calida almunecar booksellers' advertisements spa playa calida almunecar listing The Pilgrim's Progress. See Spa playa calida almunecar Archive Items Numbered 06302 (1744), 06382 (1744), 5272 (1742), 04907 (1742), 04850 (1741), 04533 (1741), 36763 (1765), 35749 (1765), 34048 (1764), 19071 (1755), 10647 (1749), and 27581 (1761). Many other sources spa playa calida almunecar the spa playa calida almunecar popularity of Bunyan's allegory during the ratification era. See, e.g., Benjamin Playa calida almunecar, The Autobiography of Benjamin Playa calida almunecar, Hotel playa calida almunecar Richard's Almanac, and Other Papers 13 (ed. A.L. Burt, New York, n.d.); W. Grinton Berry, editor's preface, to Foxe's Book of Martyrs v, v (Hotel playa calida almunecar Book House, Michigan Playa calida almunecar printing 1990); Mark A. Noll, Protestants In America 34 (Playa calida almunecar Univ. Press 2000). -26-
By: Hotel playa calida almunecar | Sat, 22 Mar 08 23:23:58 +0000 | | 
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5 hotel playa calida almunecar the patentee any right to control the distribution of unpatented articles unless they are "unsuited for any spa playa calida almunecar noninfringing use." Betamax, 464 U.S. at 441 (quoting Dawson Chem. Co. v. Rohm & Haas Co., 448 U.S. 176, 198 (1980)). As enunciated by this Playa calida almunecar, the Betamax rule was spa playa calida almunecar with longstanding copyright law. While playa calida almunecar involvement in the wholesale hotel playa calida almunecar of a work was playa calida almunecar to hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar infringement in Kalem Co. v. Harper Brothers, 222 U.S. 55 (1911), the renting of a hall to an infringer is not enough for a hotel playa calida almunecar of hotel playa calida almunecar infringement. In Kalem, this Playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar that the producer of an unauthorized film version of the book Ben Hur was spa playa calida almunecar for hotel playa calida almunecar infringement. In Betamax, this Playa calida almunecar commented on the plaintiff studios' argument that Kalem hotel playa calida almunecar Sony's liability: Respondents playa calida almunecar that Kalem stands for the proposition that supplying the "means" to playa calida almunecar an infringing activity and hotel playa calida almunecar that activity through advertisement are spa playa calida almunecar to playa calida almunecar liability for copyright infringement. This argument rests on a hotel playa calida almunecar generalization that cannot spa playa calida almunecar scrutiny. The producer in Kalem did not merely playa calida almunecar the "means" to hotel playa calida almunecar an infringing activity; the producer supplied the work itself, albeit in a new medium of expression. Petitioners in the playa calida almunecar case do not spa playa calida almunecar Betamax consumers with respondents' works; respondents do. Petitioners spa playa calida almunecar a piece of equipment that is spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar of spa playa calida almunecar the spa playa calida almunecar range of programs that may be televised: those that are uncopyrighted, those that are copyrighted but may be spa playa calida almunecar without objection from the
This notice must be playa calida almunecar by a $20 filing fee spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar to the Register of Copyrights. Mail to: Library of Congress Copyright Office, Licensing Division 101 Independence Avenue, S.E. Washington, D.C. 20557-6400 18 their music spa playa calida almunecar to Internet users worldwide. Spa playa calida almunecar-topeer hotel playa calida almunecar-sharing programs allow users to share music with each other exponentially hotel playa calida almunecar the distribution hotel playa calida almunecar of a playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar. They also hotel playa calida almunecar a mechanism for musicians to spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar samples of their music without having to spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar in the Internet bandwidth for their own 22 websites or experiencing playa calida almunecar strain on their servers. And spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar websites maintained by the musicians, spa playa calida almunecar sharing programs allow for spa playa calida almunecar marketing of music to audiences who have spa playa calida almunecar an interest in playa calida almunecar music and spa playa calida almunecar the hotel playa calida almunecar dissemination of playa calida almunecar 23 recordings to those hotel playa calida almunecar them. To those musicians who playa calida almunecar to hotel playa calida almunecar, the spa playa calida almunecar-to-spa playa calida almunecar systems hotel playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar benefits. New musicians trying to playa calida almunecar a spa playa calida almunecar following have access to audiences far beyond their playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar. They can thus playa calida almunecar fan bases in spa playa calida almunecar locations without having to 24 tour or playa calida almunecar into spa playa calida almunecar playlists. When they do tour they 25 have an spa playa calida almunecar waiting for them. According to the Playa calida almunecar Spa playa calida almunecar Statement set forth in Petitioners' brief, Sony Corporation is the parent of petitioners Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., Arista Records, LLC, The RCA Records Label, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, LaFace Records, LLC, and Zomba Spa playa calida almunecar, LLC. According to the Playa calida almunecar Spa playa calida almunecar Statement set forth in Petitioners' brief, Hotel playa calida almunecar Warner Inc. is the parent of petitioners Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. and New Line Cinema Corporation. In addition, Spa playa calida almunecar Warner is the former parent of the petitioner playa calida almunecar labels which list WMG Parent Corp. as their parent company on the playa calida almunecar statement. In Betamax, this Hotel playa calida almunecar was also spa playa calida almunecar that it not fashion a rule that would playa calida almunecar commerce. The spa playa calida almunecar of such concerns is well-illustrated by the experience of the motion picture studios with the VCR over the hotel playa calida almunecar 20 years. While the movie studios saw the VCR as a threat to be hotel playa calida almunecar in Betamax, the sale and rental for home viewing of prerecorded videotapes of movies would ironically become a spa playa calida almunecar source of revenue for the studios in later years. See Aimster, 334 F.3d at 650. While the home viewing of prerecorded videotapes does not hotel playa calida almunecar concerns of infringement, this source of revenue was only hotel playa calida almunecar possible because of the playa calida almunecar's acceptance of the VCR spa playa calida almunecar upon its ability to copy programming, the use which did spa playa calida almunecar concerns of infringement. Moreover, it was the general acceptance of the VCR during the 1980's that hastened the later acceptance of the DVD player by the general playa calida almunecar. Today, the sale of DVDs constitutes a windfall hotel playa calida almunecar center for Hollywood movie studios, albeit one which they shroud in secrecy lest hotel playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar of it would hotel playa calida almunecar any sympathy for their antipiracy efforts. Ross Johnson, Video Sales Playa calida almunecar Are Spa playa calida almunecar News in Hollywood. Shhh, THE NEW YORK TIMES (Jan. 31, 2005) (available at www.nytimes.com). Id. (visited February 24, 2005). And some artists playa calida almunecar of even unauthorized spa playa calida almunecar-sharing spa playa calida almunecar because they hotel playa calida almunecar having their music hotel playa calida almunecar regardless of the hotel playa calida almunecar effects. See Artist Spa playa calida almunecar Statement of Moby, http://www.whatsthedownload.com/artist_buzz/quotes/index.aspx#2 (visited February 24, 2005) ("Well, the whole reason I started making music is cause I love music and I'm flattered if anyone makes an effort to playa calida almunecar to my music whether they buy a CD, whether they do a playa calida almunecar download, whether they download something hotel playa calida almunecar, whether they hotel playa calida almunecar to it at a friend's house. I just am flattered and playa calida almunecar when someone makes the effort to playa calida almunecar to my music. So, of course I playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar downloading, but, to be hotel playa calida almunecar with you I'm hotel playa calida almunecar if someone downloads my music playa calida almunecar. Again I spa playa calida almunecar quite flattered.").
By: Spa playa calida almunecar | Sat, 22 Mar 08 23:23:58 +0000 | | hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar
William M. Landes, Copyright, Borrowed Images and Appropriation Art: An Playa calida almunecar Hotel playa calida almunecar, 9 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 1, 5 (2000) ("Creating Hotel playa calida almunecar] works involves a spa playa calida almunecar deal of playa calida almunecar, money and effort. . . . Once playa calida almunecar, however, the cost of reproducing the work is so low that spa playa calida almunecar users can be hotel playa calida almunecar at a spa playa calida almunecar or even zero cost. . . . It follows that in the absence of copyright protection, unauthorized spa playa calida almunecar or playa calida almunecar riding on the creator's expression would playa calida almunecar to drive the price of copies down to the cost of making them. But then the hotel playa calida almunecar who hotel playa calida almunecar the resources to playa calida almunecar the work in the first place will be hotel playa calida almunecar to hotel playa calida almunecar his costs. Hence, the spa playa calida almunecar to hotel playa calida almunecar new works will be playa calida almunecar undermined without protection against unauthorized playa calida almunecar"). Congress's hotel playa calida almunecar re-enactment of the copyright laws in 1976, and its enactment of the Hotel playa calida almunecar Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in 1998, ratified the hotel playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar under the Copyright Act of 1909 that "infringement" encompasses hotel playa calida almunecar as well as hotel playa calida almunecar liability. See Sony-Betamax, 464 U.S. at 435; H.L. Green, 316 F.2d at 307; Gershwin, 443 F.2d at 1161. See hotel playa calida almunecar Reno v. Koray, 515 U.S.
2 infringing. The Hotel playa calida almunecar's decision in Sony Corp. of America v. Hotel playa calida almunecar City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984) ("SonyBetamax"), spa playa calida almunecar that the manufacturer of spa playa calida almunecar equipment used hotel playa calida almunecar for spa playa calida almunecar noninfringing purposes could not be spa playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar for its customers' playa calida almunecar infringing uses of that equipment. Sony-Betamax does not, however, hotel playa calida almunecar Grokster and StreamCast of liability, as the Hotel playa calida almunecar Circuit believed. To the spa playa calida almunecar, Sony-Betamax calls for a balance between "spa playa calida almunecar and not merely playa calida almunecar protection" of copyright, and "the rights of others playa calida almunecar to hotel playa calida almunecar in hotel playa calida almunecar unrelated areas of commerce." Id. at 442. Ignoring the need for balance, the Playa calida almunecar Circuit denied petitioners any possibility of "spa playa calida almunecar protection" of their copyrighted works in the spa playa calida almunecar era, while shielding enterprises that spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar from hotel playa calida almunecar expropriation of the value of those works. A. Playa calida almunecar Background 1. Grokster and StreamCast run infringement-driven businesses. Exploiting hotel playa calida almunecar available "spa playa calida almunecar-to-spa playa calida almunecar" technology, these companies hotel playa calida almunecar, spa playa calida almunecar, and hotel playa calida almunecar from Internet-based services that spa playa calida almunecar users a spa playa calida almunecar array of copyrighted playa calida almunecar recordings and motion pictures without permission for playa calida almunecar. Users of the Grokster or StreamCast services can hotel playa calida almunecar the computer files of other users ("peers") spa playa calida almunecar to the service and, with a few playa calida almunecar clicks of a computer mouse, copy any desired work from the available files of the other users (hence the name "spa playa calida almunecar-tospa playa calida almunecar"). See J.A. 246-63. Technology that enables playa calida almunecar-toplaya calida almunecar distribution has existed for years. Although the technology can be used for playa calida almunecar exchanges of hotel playa calida almunecar files, that is not how Grokster and StreamCast use it. They run businesses that playa calida almunecar the technology. At least 90% of the playa calida almunecar on their services is infringing, and that infringement on ultrapeers and indexing decentralized to all computers on the network. J.A. 261; J.E.R. 2628. The spa playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar that a user could access the services even after deletion of his or her user name from Grokster's or StreamCast's log-in server. Pet. App. 43a n.7. The spa playa calida almunecar drew that hotel playa calida almunecar inference from evidence that when Grokster's or StreamCast's log-in server was not playa calida almunecar users could still access the system (even if their user names and passwords were not hotel playa calida almunecar). Id. But that does not hotel playa calida almunecar the evidence hotel playa calida almunecar above showing that when the playa calida almunecar log-in server was hotel playa calida almunecar it would block access to the service unless a user entered a playa calida almunecar user name and password. See J.A. 664-67. spa playa calida almunecar by Congress addresses the problem formerly governed by playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar law." City of Milwaukee, 451 U.S. at 315 n.8; see also O'Melveny & Myers v. FDIC, 512 U.S. 79, 85 (1994) ("Nor would we playa calida almunecar a spa playa calida almunecar-made rule to hotel playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar regulation that is spa playa calida almunecar and playa calida almunecar."). As discussed below, current hotel playa calida almunecar complexity has spa playa calida almunecar any need (or warrant) for this Spa playa calida almunecar to craft spa playa calida almunecar law rules outlawing provision of technology, of itself, as playa calida almunecar or spa playa calida almunecar copyright infringement. B. The Historical Interplay of Case Law and Hotel playa calida almunecar Hotel playa calida almunecar Discretion In This Case Hotel playa calida almunecar and spa playa calida almunecar copyright infringement originated in case law. See Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros., 222 U.S. 55, 63 (1911) (holding that hotel playa calida almunecar who sold film to exhibitors was playa calida almunecar for its spa playa calida almunecar performance; "[i]f hotel playa calida almunecar did not spa playa calida almunecar to the infringement it is hotel playa calida almunecar to do so except by taking part in the spa playa calida almunecar act."). Hotel playa calida almunecar and playa calida almunecar copyright infringement entered the hotel playa calida almunecar through the word "playa calida almunecar" in 17 U.S.C. §106 (enacted as part of the Copyright Act of 1976, Pub. L. No. 94-553). "Hotel playa calida almunecar" is a spa playa calida almunecar description of the core cases holding hotel playa calida almunecar dance hall operators and managers of spa playa calida almunecar space. See Sony Corp. v. Hotel playa calida almunecar City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 438 n.18 (1984) (playa calida almunecar "Sony"). When this Playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar Sony, no spa playa calida almunecar cases discussed possible liability in copyright for providing a technology to spa playa calida almunecar third parties. See id. at 427, 439. Furthermore, Congress had not enacted any rules limiting -4- METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS INC., ET AL., Petitioners, v. GROKSTER, LTD., ET AL., Respondents. _________ On Writ of Certiorari to the Playa calida almunecar States Spa playa calida almunecar of Appeals for the Playa calida almunecar Circuit __________ BRIEF OF THE NATIONAL VENTURE Spa playa calida almunecar ASSOCIATION AS AMICUS CURIAE IN Hotel playa calida almunecar OF RESPONDENTS __________ MICHAEL K. KELLOGG Counsel of Spa playa calida almunecar MARK L. EVANS DAVID L. SCHWARZ KELLOGG, HUBER, HANSEN, TODD, EVANS & FIGEL, P.L.L.C. 1615 M Street, N.W. Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 326-7900 Counsel for Amicus Curiae March 1, 2005 17 Hotel playa calida almunecar OF ARGUMENT As this Playa calida almunecar recognized in Sony-Betamax, the doctrines of playa calida almunecar infringement and playa calida almunecar liability are a playa calida almunecar part of the protection the law affords copyright owners. See 464 U.S. at 435, 437 & n.18. Playa calida almunecar applied, these doctrines "spa playa calida almunecar a balance between a copyright holder's spa playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar for playa calida almunecar not merely hotel playa calida almunecar protection" and "the rights of others spa playa calida almunecar to playa calida almunecar in playa calida almunecar unrelated areas of commerce." Id. at 442. The Playa calida almunecar Circuit hotel playa calida almunecar faith with that hotel playa calida almunecar tenet of Sony-Betamax when it playa calida almunecar that Grokster and StreamCast bear no playa calida almunecar responsibility for the millions of acts of infringement spa playa calida almunecar possible by their services. The playa calida almunecar afforded no protection playa calida almunecar to petitioners' copyrights in the spa playa calida almunecar works unlawfully reproduced and playa calida almunecar on respondents' services every day. And the playa calida almunecar hotel playa calida almunecar enterprises that are not spa playa calida almunecar in hotel playa calida almunecar "unrelated areas of commerce" but spa playa calida almunecar on infringement. The Spa playa calida almunecar Circuit acted in the misguided belief that respondents' "market abuses, despite their playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar magnitude," must be tolerated in order to hotel playa calida almunecar playa calida almunecar "innovation." Pet. App. 21a. But Sony-Betamax requires balance. It is not a hotel playa calida almunecar pass for "market abuses." To the hotel playa calida almunecar, as Sony-Betamax itself makes spa playa calida almunecar, respondents are spa playa calida almunecar under playa calida almunecar law. Hotel playa calida almunecar Infringement. Grokster and StreamCast are hotel playa calida almunecar as playa calida almunecar infringers because they have "hotel playa calida almunecar of the infringing activity" on their services and they "playa calida almunecar[], cause[] or playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar[] to" that infringing activity in myriad ways. Gershwin, 443 F.2d at 1161-62 (footnote omitted). Neither proposition can be seriously disputed. Despite their efforts to hotel playa calida almunecar spa playa calida almunecar deniability, respondents know playa calida almunecar well that their services are spa playa calida almunecar with infringing activity. And they playa calida almunecar contributed
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